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Volume  Ten  Number  Three 


SCHOOL  OF  MINES 
AND  METALLURGY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  MISSOURI 


BULLETIN 

JUNE,  1918 


THE  HUMAN  SIDE  OF  MINING  ENGINEERING 


ROLLA,  MISSOURI 


Entered  u  Second-Clan  Matter  November  29,  1911.     at  the  Poit-OHice  at  Rotla.  Muioari.     under  the  Act 
of  July  18,  1894.         (itued  Quarterly. 


SCHOOL  OF  MINES 
AND  METALLURGY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  MISSOURI 


THE  HUMAN  SIDE  OF  MININC  ENGINEERING 

An  . Iddress  by 

JAMES   FURMAN    KEMP,   K.M..   So. I).,   I.L.D., 
Professor  <>t  Geology,  Columbia  ITniversitj 


ROLLA,  MISSOURI 
1918 


BULLETIN 

OF  THE 

School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy 

UNIVERSITY  OF  MISSOURI 

VOL.  X  JUNE,  1918  No.  3 


THE  HUMAN  SIDE  OF  MINING  ENGINEERING 

JAMES  FURMAN  KEMP,   E.M.,   Sc.D.,  LL.D., 


Annual  Commencement  Address,  May  24,    1918 

In  this  year  of  our  Lord,  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen, 
you  are  holding  Commencement  under  conditions  different 
from  any  previously  experienced  by  the  School  of  Mines.  Under 
those  which  have  hitherto  prevailed  a  scientific  theme  would  be 
appropriate  for  this  address.  There  are  many  such.  Geology  has 
so  enwrapped  itself  in  the  very  fiber  of  the  mining  industry 
that  the  themes  concerned  with  structure  and  origin  are  funda- 
mental. Yet  in  its  period  of  hot,  volcanic  feeling,  when  all  over 
the  broad  land  which  with  solemn  pride  we  call  our  own,  all 
good  men  and  women  are  asking  hut  the  one  question,  what  can 
we  do  to  serve,  it  is  the  human  questions  which  alone  seem  ap- 
propriate for  discussion,  and  it  is  to  the  human  side  of  relations 
between  workers,  whether  they  are  in  the  office  or  in  the  mine, 
on  the  surface  in  the  sunshine  and  the  daylight  or  underground 
with  the  searching  ray  of  the  carbide  lamp,  that  I  desire  to  di- 
rect your  thoughts.  Von  who  graduate  today,  just  as  those  who 
have  taken   their  diplomas  at    previous  commencements,  will 

sooner  or  later  have  to  I  the  problems  presented  to  and  by 

the  workers.  You  observe  thai  I  make  no  distinctions  among 
workers.    We  are  all  workers. 

The  old  relations  which  have  prevailed  among  the  people 
engaged  at  pur  mines,  even  it'  the  enterprise  be  of  but  modest 
size,  have  not  proved  all  that  our  bright  fancy  might  paint. 
They  are  not  all  that  could  he  wished,  but  as  time  goes  by,  they 
will  undergo  improvement.  Many  thoughtful  observers  realize 
this  truth  to  the  full.  At  the  annual  dinner  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  last  February,  President-elect 
Sydney  Jennings,  in  announcing  the  subject  which  he  planned 
that  the  Institute  should  specially  discuss  during  his  year  of 
office,  selected  the  human  side  of  the  industry  and  the  improve- 
ment of  conditions.     It  was  a  striking  coincidence  of  which  Mr. 


4  MISSOURI   SCHOOL   OF   MINES 

Jennings  was  not,  I  believe,  at  the  time  aware,  that  only  a  few 
days  before  in  a  pamphlet  issued  to  his  people,  President  Shonts 
of  the  Interboro  Company  which  controls  in  large  degree  the 
subways  and  elevated  railroads  of  New  York  City,  had  taken 
the  ground  that  the  human  side  of  their  relations  must  now  come 
up  for  more  serious  and  continuous  attention  and  for  improve- 
ment. 

These  problems  are  fundamental  and  the  fundamental 
nature  of  them  comes  home  to  us  with  exceptional  force  at  a 
time  like  the  present,  when  we  are  all  called  to  rise  as  one  man 
to  the  defence  of  our  country.  We  have  prided  ourselves  on  the 
fact  that  every  citizen  in  it  could  truthfully  say  and  feel,  "it  is 
my  country"  and  could  have  good  reason  for  the  belief  that  is 
in  him.  its  normal  conditions  assured  him  reasonable  justice 
and  a  fair  opportunity  to  work  out  his  own  career.  We  solve 
our  problems  of  government  with  human  and  necessarily  im- 
perfect instruments.  Imperfect  and  partial  results  are  obtain- 
ed. But  the  great,  important  and  basal  feature  of  it  all,  is  the 
conviction  deep  down  in  each  individual's  mind,  that  he  has  a 
free  and  fair  field,  and  that  where  wrong  exists,  as  wrong  is 
bound  to  exist  more  or  less  in  human  life,  means  are  also  pro- 
vided wherewith  to  right  it.  If  therefore  not  in  war  times  but 
in  normal  times,  we  can  labor  to  strengthen  that  fundamental 
conviction,  we  prepare  for  those  sudden,  almost  unbelievable 
upheavals,  veritable  earthquakes  in  human  affairs,  such  as  the 
present  one  with  which  German  ambitions  and  unbridled  sel- 
fishness have  confronted  us.  Our  people  are  responding  with 
such  widespread  singleness  of  purpose  as  to  convince  us  that 
the  course  of  life  in  the  past  in  America  has  prepared  a  united 
front  in  the  defence  of  democracy  against  its  most  dangerous, 
unscrupulous  and  insidious  foe.  President  Wilson  has  gone 
right  to  the  heart  of  the  matter  and  his  epigrammatic  and  con- 
cise summaries  have  the  convincing  force  of  proverbs,  for  a 
proverb,  yon  know,  has  been  acutely  defined  as  the  wisdom  of 
the  many  but  the  wit  of  one. 

We  are  to  consider  for  a  few  moments  the  ways  in  which  a 
mining  engineer  can  so  conduct  the  enterprise  under  his  con- 
trol or  in  which  he  shares  as  to  secure  the  loyalty  of  all  the 
workers  to  the  company  or  firm  controlling  it;  and  to  make 
them  good  and  loyal  citizens. 

Mining  and  metallurgical  enterprises  in  a  large  proportion 
of  cases  differ  from  other  industries.  They  are  often  in  remote 
places.  The  community  is  built  up  around  the  mine  or  group 
of  mines  or  around  the  smelt er.  The  manager  must  not  only 
employ  and  pay,  but  house,  feed  and  educate.  Let  me  give  you 
one  or  two  illustrations,  not  necessarily  drawn  from  America, 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL   OF   MINES  5 

When  the  International  Geological  Congress  of  1910  was  held  in 
Stockholm,  Sweden,  an  excursion  was  given  the  delegates  far 
to  the  north  to  the  great  iron  mines  at  Kirunavaara,  situated 
over  a  hundred  miles  north  of  the  polar  circle  in  Swedish  Lap- 
land. At  Kirunavaara — under  the  leadership  of  Dr.  Hjalmar 
Lundbohrn,  formerly  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Sweden — a 
huge  sheet  shaped  mass  of  magnetite  had  been  developed,  that 
is  very  nearly  if  not  quite  the  largest  single  body  of  iron  ore 
yet  discovered  the  world  over.  A  remoter  situation  could  hard- 
ly be  conceived,  nor.  in  the  winter,  severer  climatic  conditions. 
From  a  great  though  somewhat  diversified  plain  there  rises  to 
a  height  of  some  hundreds  of  feet  the  ridge  whose  backbone  for 
several  miles  is  the  great  sheet  of  iron  ore.  lying  with  a  dip  of 
70  degrees  between  other  sheets  of  contrasted  eruptive  rock. 
At  the  foot  of  the  ridge  in  1910  a  community  of  five  thousand 
souls  had  been  established.  There  were  a  thousand  children  in 
the  schools,  and  the  school-houses  in  which  the  eight  or  ten 
score  excursionists  were  fed  were  beautifully  constructed  and 
equipped.  The  houses  of  the  workers  were  comfortable  and 
convenient  so  that  to  the  most  superficial  observer  it  was  evi- 
dent that  Dr.  Lundbohrn  had  been  moved  by  an  almost  pastoral 
care  of  his  flock. 

On  the  day  on  which  we  were  conducted  along  a  mile  or 
more  of  the  outcropping  ore  and  while  the  other  members  of 
the  part}'  were  busy  collecting  from  the  ore.  the  hanging  wall 
and  footwall,  I  sat  for  a  brief  space  apart  by  myself  and  studied 
over  the  Arctic  expanse  of  stunted  trees,  moraines,  swamps  ami 
lakes.  But  continually  my  thoughts  would  come  back  to  those 
five  thousand  people,  men.  women  and  children,  all  drawing 
their  support  from  the  nunc.  There  they  were,  placed  fight  in 
the  hand  of  the  General  Manager,  and  his  opportunity  as  well 
as  his  responsibility  for  more  than  food  and  clothing  were  very 
great.  There  was  a  little,  organized  state  in  miniature,  and 
much  more  than  Swedish  kroner  in  dividends  was  involved  in 
the  way  their  lives  were  directed. 

Let  me  ask  you  to  turn  your  eyes  next  to  the  West  for  two 
more  illustrations.  The  flourishing  little  city  of  Anaconda. 
Montana,  gathers  around  the  Washoe  Smelter,  or  as  the  com 
pany  now  officially  calls  it.  smeltery.  You  could  not  be  a  half- 
hour  in  Anaconda  without  hearing  the  name  of  E.  P.  Mathew- 
son.  until  recently  the  manager  of  the  works,  and  now  moved 
by  the  exigencies  of  the  war  and  his  Canadian  citizenship  to 
develop  a  new  company  for  the  production  of  nickel  in  the 
Sudbury  district.  Ontario.  Bu1  Anaconda  is  .Mr.  Mathewson's 
masterpiece— and  we  see  not  alone  ;i  greal  and  thoroughly  or- 
ganized smelting  plant,  but  good  homes,  good  roads,  a  park,  a 


6  MISSOURI    SCHOOL   OF    MINES 

fish-hatchery,  and  a  hundred  other  signs  of  wise  and  far-sighted 
management.  One  also  finds  a  singularly  devoted  staff  of  work- 
ers, reaching  into  the  thousands  and  animated  by  one  spirit  of 
loyalty.  We  understand  why  the  Mining  and  Metallurgical 
Society  of  America  awarded  its  gold  medal  to  him  in  1917.  Mr. 
Mathewson  passed  on  to  his  successor  not  alone  the  manage- 
ment of  the  great  works  but  responsibilities  not  unlike  those  of 
bishop  of  a  diocese. 

Were  you  to  go  farther  west  to  the  valley  of  the  South 
Fork  of  tLe  Coeur  d'Alene  river,  deep  down  between  the  moun- 
tain ridges  of  Idaho,  you  would  find  the  trim  little  town  of 
Kellogg,  centering  about  the  mines,  mill  and  smelter  of  the 
Bunker  Hill  &  Sullivan  Company.  Homes  for  the  workers  with 
a  plot  of  ground,  which  can  be  bought  from  the  company  under 
favorable  terms,  are  the  striking  feature  to  a  visitor.  Instead 
of  the  slovenly  cabins,  and  unattractive  boarding  houses  so 
often  the  rule  in  western  mining  camps,  one  notes  comfortable 
homes  with  little  gardens  in  which  a  miner  and  his  family  may 
take  pride.  In  these  as  well  as  in  other  ways  in  connection 
with  this  mining  enterprise,  the  wisdom  of  Mr.  Stanley  Easton's 
far-sighted  management  become  impressed  on  an  observer. 

As  I  have  stated,  mining  and  metallurgical  communities 
are  isolated  as  compared  with  those  dependent  on  other  forms 
of  industry  to  a  degree  not  often  the  rule  in  other  lines  of  em- 
ployment. The  miner  also  works  either  by  himself  or  in  small 
groups,  usually  underground,  often  in  confined  places  that  may 
be  wet  or  that  may  be  sultry  and  hot,  and  that  often  involve 
some  personal  risk;  air  is  frequently  bad.  We  cannot  wonder 
if,  when  lie  comes  to  the  surface,  the  miner  more  than  other 
workers  craves  excitment  and  change.  If  a  saloon  is  available, 
the  poor  man's  club,  as  it  has  been  wittily  called,  he  resorts 
naturally  and  inevitably  to  it,  and  in  the  social  companionship 
of  his  fellows,  seeks  in  the  artificial  excitement  of  stimulants, 
the  change  for  which  he  not  unnaturally  longs.  If  he  is  in  a 
small  and  isolated  place,  there  is  nothing  to  do  in  the  evening 
or  other  off-shift  part  of  the  time  but  to  sit  around  the  bunk 
or  boarding  house,  where  rarely  is  there  provision  of  magazines 
or  illustrated  papers,  and  where  a  hand  at  cards  furnishes  al- 
most the  sole  recreation.  Tn  such  instances,  and  they  are  le- 
gion in  the  West,  he  waits  till  the  end  of  the  week  or  month 
and  condenses  into  a  wild  few  hours  the  accumulated  and  not 
nn natural  cravings  of  days  or  weeks. 

Something  surely  can  be  done  to  meet  in  a  proper  and  un- 
objectionaV.e  way  a  need  that  none  can  deny.  Club-houses  or 
club-rooms  at  once  suggest  themselves  as  the  natural  solution. 
Prohibition  will  soon  wipe  out  the  open  and  above-board  saloon 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL  OF    MINES  7 

and  reduce  almost  to  the  vanishing  point  the  old  means  of  in- 
dulgence .  The  need  of  some  substitute  will  be  more  imperative 
in  the  near  future  than  it  has  been  in  the  past.  A  social  center 
must  be  provided.  Magazines  and  illustrated  papers  are  some- 
thing. Games  of  cards  without  money-stakes  have  no  real  ob- 
jections and  would  be  enjoyed  by  many.  A  social  glass  of  non- 
alcoholic drinks  will  answer  for  good  fellowship  as  well  as  does 
fire  water,  if  prejudice  can  once  be  overcome.  A  quiet  smoke 
over  an  open  fire  in  congenial  groups  in  comfortable  chairs  is 
no  impracticable  dream.  Something  like  bowling  alleys  or 
billiards  suggest  themselves  at  once. 

All  these,  however,  must  not  be  provided  as  a  gratuity  or 
donation  by  the  management  for,  if  so,  they  would  thwart  their 
own  good  purpose  at  the  outset ;  but  they  must  be  run  like  any 
club  by  the  members,  all  sharing.  Expenses  must  be  borne  in 
some  reasonable  division  by  participants.  The  sense  of  owner- 
ship and  responsibility  must  be  cultivated,  for  otherwise  in  the 
American  atmosphere  movements  of  this  kind  made  with  the 
best  intentions  by  the  management  of  companies  or  the  heads 
of  firms  have  proved  flat  failures.  1  cecal!  one  beautiful  mem- 
orial club  house  erected  by  the  families  of  two  departed  mem- 
bers of  a  great  firm  in  a  somewhat  isolated  mining  town  and 
placed  under  the  charge  of  a  well-meaning  and  devoted  retired 
clergyman.  The  reverend  gentleman  thought  it  wrong  for 
the  men  to  play  cards  or  smoke  in  the  building  and  hedged  it 
around  with  such  restrictions  that  no  miner  could  have  been 
dragged  to  its  doors  by  the  police. 

A  strong  and  successful  movenieiil  for  the  establishment 
and  acceptable  management  of  club  houses  and  social  centers 
by  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  has  been  for  some 
years  in  progress  and  has  been  in  instances  very  successful. 
The  club  houses  which  were  placed  under  its  auspices  at  all  the 
communities  of  workers  along  the  Panama  Canal  during  its 
construction  were  invaluable  and  a  great  means  of  good.  Con- 
ditions there  were  similar  to  those  at  many  great  but  isolated 
mines.  Bowling  alleys,  amusement  rooms  and  reading  rooms 
furnished  veritable  oases  in  the  desert  and  were  a  great  source 
of  good.  Similar  club  houses  are  not  unknown  in  mining  com- 
munities. One  at  Miami.  Arizona,  has  for  some  years  kept  open 
hospitable   doors. 

These  social  centers  must  be  managed  with  care  in  one 
respect,  since  miners  are  of  all  religious  faiths  and 
none,  of  all  nationalities  and  often  of  strong  prejudices;  and  th 3 
social  worker  in  general  charge  must  have  so  broad  and  com- 
prehensive a  human  spirit  that  his  love  for  his  fellowmen  as 
men  is  not  fenced   in   by  limitations  of  creed.     A  very  useful 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL   OF    MINES 


help  in  good  works  centering'  around  a  social  center  can  be 
found  in  the  omnipresent  fondness  of  Americans  for  out-door 
or  indoor,  wholesome  sport.  Teams  from  neighboring  mines,  or 
from  different  shafts  of  the  same  mine,  or  from  surface-men 
and  underground  men,  or  from  any  other  groups  who  form 
natural  centers,  can  be  recruited  and  be  a  fruitful  source  of 
proper  entertainment,  There  may  not  always  be  level  ground 
for  basefall  or  soccer,  but  the  narrowest  valley  is  not  so  narrow- 
as  to  crowd  out  quoits ;  and  in  a  club-house  the  bowling  alley 
may  furnish  a  safety  valve  for  much  good-natured  rivalry. 

You  cannot  fail  to  note  that  1  only  urge  for  mining  commu- 
nities what  has  sprung  up  naturally  and  universally  as  adjuncts 
to  our  training  and  fighting  camps  of  troops  here  and  abroad- 
social  centers,  reading  rooms,  athletic  fields  and  sports,  inter- 
regimental,  divisional  or  other  rivalry  at  base-ball  and  other 
games.  All  operate  to  good  discipline  and  make  lighter  the  dis- 
agreeable features  and  montony  of  a  soldier's,  as  they  would 
also  of  a  miner's  life, 

One  feature  of  our  western  mining  communities  cannot  fail 
to  impress  one  who  lives  in  them.  It  is  a  feature  less  marked 
in  the  older  and  more  settled  districts  of  the  East  and  of  Lake 
Superior.  It  is  the  wide-spread  feeling  that  the  community  is  a 
transitory  one,  conditions  are  temporary,  ore  will  be  exhausted 
and  everyone  will  move  on  elsewhere.  The  disposition  is  thus 
to  accumulate  a  stake  and  depart  to  some  other  place 
in  which  to  settle  down.  Where  mines,  however,  are 
known  to  have  great  reserves  for  years  to  come,  one  of  the 
most  important  efforts  of  the  management  might  well  be  to 
break  this  feeling  and  get  all  concerned  to* look  upon  the  com- 
munity as  their  settled  home.  Now  the  foundation  of  the  State, 
as  we  all  well  know,  is  the  family.  Unless  we  have  a  vast  pre- 
dominance of  reasonably  happy  and  contented  families  in  which 
young  people  grow  up  under  wholesome  surroundings,  we  cut 
off  at  the  source  our  supply  of  good  citizens,  men  and  women. 
Our  so-called  and  significantly  called,  mining  "camps"  have 
too  little  family  life  and  are  too  little  populated  by  families 
and  too  much  by  hobo  miners.  A  most  important  phase  of  the 
whole  subject  is  for  the  management  of  the  companies  which 
are  large  enough  and  permanent  enough  to  justify  the  move- 
ment to  give  no  small  part  of  their  attention  to  establishing 
comfortable  and  reasonably  attractive  homes,  which, ■; where  pos- 
sible with  a  little  tract  of  land,  may  be  acquired  by  a  miner  and 
felt  to  be  his  own.  There  is  no  stiffener  of  backbone  or  strength- 
eher  of  character  greater  than  owning  a  piece  of  land  and  in 
spare  times  growing  supplies  for  the  table  from  a  bit  of  a 
garden  located  upon  it.     The  miner  with  a  home  and  a  family 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL   OF    MINES  9 

has  a  stake  in  the  game  and  becomes  a  self-respecting  citizen. 
Not  every  mining  locality  is  adapted  to  this  development.  The 
great  Utah  Copper  Com  any,  brought  into  successful  operation 
by  your  distinguished  graduate,  Mr.  D.  C.  Jackling,  is  placed 
far  up  the  narrow  Bingham  Canon,  amid  physical  conditions 
precluding  little  homes  and  gardens.  Suitable  land  in  the  dry 
climate  of  Utah  is  too  far  away  to  admit  of  transportation  to 
and  fro.  But  at  Kellogg  in  the  Coeur  d'Alene  as  I  have  earlier 
stated,  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  Company  in  a  broader  val- 
ley has  accomplished  impressive  results  in  building  and  selling 
at  attractive  and  reasonable  terms,  homes  to  the  men.  Xo  doubt 
there  are  other  instances,  but  in  general  where  settlements  can 
be  feasibly  established  in  reasonably  flat  and  open  country  with- 
in practicable  distance  for  transportation,  to  and  fro,  we  must 
feel  that  no  more  important  development  could  be  carried  on 
by  the  management  than  to  give  its  attention  and  a  part  of  its 
resources  to  the  housing  of  its  men  under  these  circumstances. 
A  company  could  thus  assist  in  carrying  out  the  scriptural  in- 
junction of  setting  the  solitary  in  families.  We  would  repro- 
duce in  this  way  some  of  the  attractive  features  of  the  mining 
towns  in  Cornwall,  the  Mother  of  metal  mining  among  English 
speaking  peoples,  and  of  Wales,  to  whose  miners  we  so  largely 
owe  the  early  development  of  our  coal  fields. 

The  Welsh  have  another  suggestion  to  give  us.  They  are 
remarkable  singers  in  chorus,  a  characteristic  not  only  of  the 
Welsh  in  Wales  bu1  of  the  Americans  of  Welsh  descent  in 
Pennsylvania.  In  England,  in  the  choral  contests  which  have 
been  held  in  former  years  by  choruses  from  various  parts  of 
Great  Britain,  the  Welsh  have  been  almost  invincible.  The 
''Cousin  Jacks"  are  rather  notable  singers  of  hymns  in  the  old 
country,  nor  has  it  been  altogether  unknown  in  former  years, 
to  have  groups  of  good  .Methodists  from  among  them  in  the 
Lake  Superior  copper  mines,  start  up  a  hymn  as  they  were  low- 
ered in  the  cage  down  the  very  deep  shafts  of  this  region.  Ital- 
ians are  famous  as  a  people  of  song  and  they  furnish  no  neg- 
ligible part  of  our  miners  today.  Folk-songs  are  also  character 
istics  in  their  home  country  villages  of  many  other  lands  which 
send  us  miners.  I  cannot  believe  it  is  an  impracticable  pipe- 
dream,  that  some  of  these  Latent  possibilities  of  song  and  chorus 
singing  could  be  developed  under  the  bright  skies  and  amid  the 
impressive  mountains  of  the  West.  Children,  at  all  events. 
where  they  are  members  of  a  mining  community,  have  great 
possibilities  for  choral  singing  under  proper  instruction.  Last 
winter  in  a  little  town  in  Florida,  we  sojourners  seeking  relief 
from  the  rigors  of  a  northern  winter  and  our  neighbors  who 
lived  there  all  the  year  round,  were  gladdened  and  raised  quite 


10  MISSOURI    SCHOOL   OF   MINES 

out  of  the  dead  level  of  life  amid  the  sand-dunes,  because  a  cul- 
tivated English  woman,  of  early  musical  training,  brought  the 
children  together  for  some  weeks  before  Christmas  and  taught 
them  the  beautiful  Yuletide  carols  of  the  old  country  and  of 
other  lands.  Had  you  heard,  as  I  did,  the  old-time  English 
songs,  the  Noel  of  the  French,  and  the  Holy  Night,  the  product 
of  a  long-vanished  time  in  Central  Europe,  you  would  have 
wrung  the  teacher's  hand  as  I  did,  in  congratulation  over  her 
happy  thought.  While  there  are  youthful  trebles,  there  must 
unquestionbly  be  sonorous  basses  and  high  pitched  tenors  in  our 
larger  mining  communities  awaiting  the  magic  touch  of  the 
conductor's  wand. 

In  all  organizations  of  men  which  hold  effectively  together 
we  need  some  sort  of  rewards  and  some  sort  of  recognition  for 
long  and  good  service.  To  a  certain  extent  these  rewards  come 
now  in  promotion  for  those  who  show  qualities  of  leadership 
which  make  them  available  as  shift  bosses  or  foremen ;  but 
only  a  man  here  and  there  is  adapted  to  these  positions.  The 
general  run  of  men  work  on  with  no  possibilities  of  recognition. 
I  have  pondered  the  question  a  bit,  as  to  whether  some  progres- 
sive recognition  could  not  be  provided  by  some  increase  in  pay, 
— or  some  keepsake  that  would  commemorate  it.  I  realize  that 
to  some,  perhaps  a  serious  extent  class-feeling  and  the  disposi- 
tion sometimes  shown  by  unions  to  keep  all  their  members  on  a 
dead  level  of  compensation  would  militate  against  it.  And  yet 
the  system  of  rewards  for  good  work  appeals  to  jusit  as  deeply 
ingrained  a  characteristic  of  human  nature  as  does  discharge  or 
other  penalties  for  poor  work.  In  almost  all  cases  we  have  the 
latter,  but  we  seldom  hear  of  the  former.  Are  we  not  thereby 
overlooking  a  very  important  phase  of  the  whole  situation? 

In  a  recent  address  to  the  Montana  Section  of  the**  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  at  Butte,  to  which  in  com- 
mon with  many  others  I  listened  with  deep  attention,  President 
Jennings  of  the  Institute  emphasized  the  great  importance  of 
getting  the  workers  of  all  sorts  in  our  mines  and  smelters  to 
exercise  their  wills  for  the  good  of  the  organization.  He  de- 
fined the  problem  as  one  to  secure  the  wills  in  the  service  of 
the  employer.  Perhaps  in  the  topics  which  we  have  already 
covered  there  may  be  a  suggestion  or  two  leading  to  this  end, 
in  that  all  the  points  made  emphasize  the  importance  of  sup- 
plying conditions  of  life  conducive  to  reasonble  satisfaction 
and  contentment.  President  Jennings  touched  on  another  phase 
which  is  one  that,  doubtless  as  have  others,  I  have  often  pon- 
dered, and  that  is  summed  up  in  the  employer's  privilege  to 
hire  and  fire  at  will.  This  is  a  privilege  often  exercised  very 
harshly  by  shift  bosses  and   minor  officials,  and  as  President 


MISSOURI    SCHOOL   OF    MINES  11 

Jennings  pointed  out,  it  starts  a  man  away  from  his  means  of 
support,  breaks  up  his  home  if  he  has  one,  and  causes  him  in- 
jury often  quite  disproportionate  to  his  offence.  He  may  be  a 
poor  miner  and  be  not  adapted  to  the  work  of  this  particular 
type,  but  he  may  be  well  enough  adapted  to  some  other  branch 
of  employment.  It  is  well  therefore  to  think  seriously  whether, 
if  a  man  is  reasonably  industrious  and  otherwise  deserving, 
some  kind  of  work  suited  to  him  cannot  be  found  before  his 
connection  is  absolutely  severed.  In  other  words  can  we  not 
introduce  the  human  element  into  mining  engineering?  Shift 
bosses  and  minor  officials  are  often  greatly  impressed  with  the 
powers  of  authority  and  are  sometimes  very  harsh  and  hasty  in 
its  exercise.  On  the  other  hand  discipline  must  be  maintained. 
Perhaps  I  may  commend  to  you  as  a  subject  worthy  of  a  little 
serious  thought,  whether  there  is  not  some  way  possible  of 
maintaining  necessary  discipline  and  yet  supplying  a  tribunal 
of  some  sort  which  will  command  confidence  and  which  will 
give  a  fair  hearing  to  cases  involving  at  least  the  temporary 
loss  of  livelihood.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the  most  im- 
portant part  of  the  "Safety  First"  movement  is  one  to  which 
so  far  as  T  know,  practically  no  reference  has  been  made  under 
this  watchword,  and  that  is  the  safety  of  a  deserving  man  in 
his  job.  The  one  great  thing  to  keep  out  of  his  mind  is  the 
smarting  sense  of  wrong  and  injustice.  The  fierce,  individual- 
istic conditions  of  a  new  country  like  our  own,  are  fast  giving 
way  to  more  settled  ones  such  as  prevail  in  older  nationalities. 
The  sense  of  security  in  a  job  is  greater  in  the  older  commu- 
nities, and  it  has  its  good  side  even  for  the  more  restless  and 
changing  life  of  our  own. 

Some  of  our  smelting  companies,  such  as  the  United  States 
Steel  and  the  International  Nickel  have  sought  with  good  re- 
sults to  make  all  the  workers  participants  in  the  returns  of 
profits.  Shares  of  stock  in  the  several  companies  have  been 
offered  the  workers  on  favorable  terms  and  under  such  con- 
ditions that  a  portion  of  the  monthly  wage  could  be  applied  for 
their  purchase.  A  community  of  interest  is  thereby  established 
and  much  has  been  done  to  attach  to  the  company's  welfare  the 
"wills"  of  the  men — the  securing  of  which  President  Jennings 
described  as  a  step  so  greatly  to  be  desired.  This  plan  also 
meets  a  condition  laid  down  by  President  Ripley  of  the  Santa 
Fe  Railroad  at  a  dinner  given  in  his  honor  in  Chicago  on  his 
seventieth  birthday.  He  established  as  a  principle  in  the  man- 
agement of  great  enterprises  such  as  his  own.  that  changes  or 
improvements  must  be  so  planned  as  to  be  to  the  common  ad- 
vantage r>f  all  concerned.  We  know  well  that  this  applies  also 
in  mines  and  smellers  and   finds  expression  in  sliding  scales  of 


12  MISSOURI   SCHOOL   OF   MINES 

wages  based  on  the  market  price  of  metals.  A  rise  in  price  that 
is  accompanied  by  benefits  all  around,  leads  to  satisfaction 
rather  than  discontent.  A  fall  in  price  leads  to  community  in 
suffering  to  all  concerned.  While,  alas,  experience  shows  us 
that  the  spiritually  beneficial  effects  of  the  latter  form  of  suf- 
fering are  less  appreciated  by  the  wage-earners  than  the  stock- 
holders, yet,  after  all,  kinship  is  established  by  this  touch  of 
Nature. 

Gentlemen  of  the  Graduating  Class,  it  is  an  ancient  pro- 
fession and  a  great  work  to  which  in  time  and  as  you  reach 
places  of  responsibility  you  will  be  addressing  yourselves.  If 
you  gain  the  positions  of  management  as  past  experience  with 
graduating  classes  leads  us  to  think  you  will,  the  problems 
outlined  in  these  last  few  minutes  will  come  up  for  solution. 
Others  have  found  a  way.  Let  me  wish  you  all  success  in  so  do- 
ing and  by  way  of  encouragement  I  will  close  with  an  incident. 
On  May  12,  1907,  in  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden  we  cele- 
brated the  200th  anniversary  of  the  birthday  of  the  great  Swed- 
ish botanist,  Linnaeus,  the  Father  of  Modern  Botany,  by  dedi- 
cating in  his  memory  a  beautiful  bridge  over  the  Bronx  River. 
Not  a  few  distinguished  citizens  of  Sweden  were  there  and  some 
were  entertained  at  lunch  by  the  authorities  of  the  Garden  of 
whose  Board  of  Scientific  Directors  I  had  been  a  member  for 
fifteen  years.  The  honor  fell  to  me  to  serve  as  escort  at  the 
lunch  to  his  Excellency  M.  de  Lagerkrantz,  the  Minister  of 
Sweden  to  the  United  States.  For  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes 
we  did  our  best  to  carry  on  a  conversation  that  would  be  of 
mutual  interest.  Unavoidably  the  task  grew  somewhat  labored, 
when  a  chance  remark  revealed  the  fact  that  in  his  home  M.  de 
Lagerkrantz  owned  and  operated  iron  mines.  Like  magic  the 
conversational  situation  changed  and  the  luncheon  came  to 
an  end  before  we  had  either  of  us  said  half  the  things  that  rose 
in  our  minds.  One  remark  of  his  Excellency  I  never  forgot.  He 
said  that  when  he  was  leaving  his  home  amid  the  iron  mines  to 
start  for  America,  his  men  came  down  to  the  train  to  say  good 
bye.  With  tears  in  their  eyes,  they  bade  him  not  to  tarry  over 
long  in  America,  but  to  return  to  his  own  people  as  soon  as  he 
could.  The  manager  or  the  owner  of  a  mining  enterprise  some- 
times, as  you  see,  has  also  been  the  guide,  counselor  and  friend 
of  his  people. 

The  really  great  man,  whether  in  national  life  or  in  the  re- 
sponsible places  in  industry,  is  the  one  who  understands  his 
people  and  gives  his  best  endeavor  to  surround  them  with  such 
conditions  that  their  reasonable  and  proper  aspirations  may 
find  expression.  Of  all  the  men  of  prominence  whose  lives  have 
come  within  the  ken  of  people  still  living,  our  venerated  Presi- 


MISSOURI   SCHOOL  OF   MINES  13 

dent  Lincoln  is  the  one  who  best  meets  these  conditions.  Wheth- 
er we  come  from  the  South  or  the  North  we  must  look  back 
from  the  vantage  ground  of  fifty  years  almost  in  wonder  at 
the  calm  poise  which  always  looked  into  the  future  for  a  united 
country  of  devoted  citizens  from  whose  hearts  and  minds  the 
hot  passions  of  war  would  vanish  and  in  whose  thoughts  more 
wholesome,  more  helpful,  onward-moving  plans  would  take 
their  place.  In  the  same  way  in  industry  the  large-minded  and 
far-seeing  manager  is  one  who  to  be  sure  does  not  fail  to  re- 
alize that  mining  is  a  business,  conducted  for  profit,  exposed  to 
competition,  subject  to  strikes,  often  to  unreasonable  demands 
from  the  ignorant  or  the  unscrupulous,  but  who  does  not  there- 
by become  blinded  to  the  fact  that  he  has  in  his  employ  not 
merely  hands,  but  souls,  not  merely  instruments  from  which  to 
extract  a  full  amount  of  work  for  the  current  wage,  but  citi- 
zens, the  foundation  of  the  state.  As  he  interprets  and  meets 
their  good  aspirations,  insures  them  just  rewards,  realizes  that 
only  a  pair  of  stout  hands  and  a  job  stand  between  them  and 
want,  that  many  are  ignorant,  that  many  are  in  a  foreign  land 
with  small  command  of  its  language,  with  smaller  knowledge 
of  its  customs,  its  history,  its  life,  exposed  often  to  petty  graft 
almost  impossible  to  detect  and  eradicate,  lie  is  called  upon  to 
exercise  scarcely  less  than  the  far-sighted  patience  and  the  faith 
which  we  see  in  the  deep-set,  sad  eyes  of  our  first  martyrd 
president. 


U  MISSOURI   SCHOOL  OF   MINES 

COMMENCEMENT   ADDRESSES 
1901-1918 

1901  The  Development  of  American  mining  and  metallurgy,  and  the 

equipments    of    a    training    school.      James    Douglas,    LL.D., 
President.  Copper   Queen   Mine.      (Out  of  print). 

1902  Mining  and  metallurgy  in   some  of  their  relations   to  the   pro- 

gress   of    civilization.      William    P.    Blake,    F.G.S.,    Director, 
Arizona  School  of  Mines.      (Out  of  print). 

1903  Science   and    practice.     Regis    Chauvenet,    LL.D.,    Mining   Engi- 

neer.    (Out  of  print). 

1904  The  Engineer  and  his  relation  to  modern  methods.     Charles  J. 

N.    Norwood,    M.Sc,    Director,    Kentucky    Geological    Survey. 
(Not  published). 

1905  Ore    treatment    in    the    southeast    Missouri    lead    district.    Oscar 

M.     Bilharz,     E.M.,     Chief    Engineer,     St.     Joseph     Lead     Co. 
(Not  published). 

1907  Compound  numbers.  John  Henderson  Miller,  D.D.,  Kansas  City. 

(Not  published). 

1908  The    Human    side    of    an    engineer's    life.      Edmund    B.    Kirby, 

E.M.,    Consulting    Mining    Engineer. 

1909  The  Relation  that  exists  between  general  and  technical  educa- 

tion.       A.    Ross    Hill,    LL.D.        President    of    the    University. 
(Not   published). 

1910  Some    of    the    essentials    of    success.      Charles    Sumner    Howe, 

LL.D.,   President,  Case   School   of  Applied   Science. 

1911  The    individual,   the    state   and    the   nation    in    the   development 

of    our    mineral    resources.      Joseph    Austin    Holmes,    LL.D., 
Director,  U.  S.  Bureau   of  Mines.      (Not   published). 

1912  Mining  and  civilization.     James  Ralph  Finlay,  A.B.,  Consulting 

Mining  Engineer. 

1913  Measuring  the  output.     Edwin  Earle  Sparks,  LL.D.     President, 

Pennsylvania   State   College.      (Not   published). 

1914  The    West.      Frank    Strong,    LL.D.      Chancellor,    University    of 

Kansas.     (Not  published). 

1915  Place   and   influence  of   the   engineer.     Elmer   James   McCaust- 

land,  M.C.E.,  Dean  of  the  School  of  Engineering  of  the  Uni- 
versity.     (Not   published). 

1916  The  Business   of  mining.     Walter   Renton   Ingalls,   S.B.   Editor, 

The  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal. 

1917  What  should  a  present  day  metallurgical    education   comprise? 

Charles  Herman  Fulton,  D.Sc,  Professor  of  Metallurgy,  Case 
Sctiool   of  Applied   Science. 

1918  The  Human  side  of  Mining  Engineering.     James  Furman  Kemp, 

LL.D.,  Professor   of  Geology,   Columbia  University. 


MISSOURI   SCHOOL  OF   MINES  15 

BULLETINS   OF  THE  MISSOURI  SCHOOL 
OF  MINES 

General   Series 

Vol.  1,  No.  1,  Dec.,  1908.  The  human  side  of  a  mining  engineer's 
life.     Edmund   B.  Kirby.      (Commencement  address,   June   10th,   1908.) 

Vol.  1,  No.  2,  38th  Annual  Catalogue,  1909-1910. 

Vol.  1,  No.  3,  June,  1909.  Education  for  utility  and  culture.  Cal- 
vin M.  Woodward.     (Tau  Beta  Pi  address.) 

Vol.  1,  No.  4,  Sept.,  1909.  The  history  and  the  development  of 
the  Cyanide  process.     Horace  Tharp  Mann. 

Vol.  2,  No.  1,  Dec,  1909.  The  Jackling  field,  School  of  Mines 
and  Metallurgy. 

Vol.  2,  No.  2,  39th  Annual  Catalogue,  1910-1911.      (Out  of  print.) 

Vol.  2,  No.  3,  June,  1910.  Some  of  the  essentials  of  success. 
Charles  Summer  Howe.     (Commence  address,  June  1st,  1910.) 

Vol.  2,  No.  4,  Sept.,  1910.  Friction  in  small  air  pipes.  E.  G. 
Harris,  Albert  Park,  H.  K.  Peterson.  (Continued  by  Tehnical  Series. 
Vol.  1,  No.  1  and  4.) 

Vol.  3,  No.  1,  Dec,  1910.  Some  relations  between  the  composition 
of  a  mineral  and  its  physical   properties.     G.   H.   Cox,  E.   P.  Murray. 

Vol.  3,  No.  2,  March  1st,  1911.     40th  Annual  Catalogue,  1911-1912. 

Vol.  3,  No.  3,  June,  1911.  Providing  for  future  generations.  E.  R. 
Buckley.     (Tau  Beta  Pi  address  May  24th,  1911.) 

Vol.  3,  No.  4,  Sept.,  1911.  Fall  announcement  of  courses.  (Out 
of  print.) 

Vol.  4,  No.  1,  Dec  1911.  Fortieth  anniversary  of  the  School  of 
Mines  and  Metallurgy  of  the  University  of  Missouri.  Parker  Hall  Mem- 
orial address.  Laying  of  cornerstone  of  Parker  Hall,  Rolla,  Missouri, 
October  24th,  1911. 

Vol.  4,  No.  2,  March,  1912.     41st  Annual  Catalogue,  1912-1913. 

Vol.  4,  No.  3,  June,  1912.  Mining  and  civilization.  J.  R.  Finlay. 
(Commencement  address,  May  31st,  1912.) 

Vol.  4,  No.  4,  Sept.,  1912.     Fall  announcement  of  courses,    (o.   p.) 

Vol.  5,  No.  1,  Dec,  1912.     Student  Life. 

Vol.   5,   No.   2,   March,    1913.     42nd    Annual    Catalogue,    1912-1913. 

Vol.  5,  No.  3,  Never  published. 

Vol.   5,  No.  4,  Never  published. 

Vol.  6,  No.   1,  Never  published. 

Vol.  6,  No.  2,  March,  1914.     43rd  Annual  Catalogue,   1913-1914. 

Vol.  6,  No.  3,  Never  published. 

Vol.  6,  No.  4,  Never  published. 

Vol.  7,  No.   1,  Never  published. 

Vol.  7,  No.  2,  March,  1915.     44th  Annual  Catalogue,  1914-191:,. 

Vol.  7,  No.  3,  June,  1915.  Description  or  special  courses  in  oil 
and  gas  and  allied  subjects. 

Vol.  7,  No.  4,  September,   1915.     Register  of  graduates,   1874-1915. 

Vol.  8,  No.  1,  Jan.,  1916.  Bibliography  on  concentrating  ores  by 
flotation.     Jesse  Cunningham. 

Vol.    8.    No.    2,    March,    1916.      45th    Annual    Catalogue.    1915-1916. 

Vol.  8,  No.  3,  June,  1916.  The  Business  of  mining.  W  R.  In- 
galls.      (Commencement  address,  May  26,  1916.) 

Vol.  S,  No.  4,  October,  1916  Register  of  graduates,  1874  191*;. 
(Out  of  print.) 


16  MISSOURI    SCHOOL  OF   MINES 

Vol.  9,  No.  1,  Jan.,  1917.  Road  problems  in  the  Ozarks.  E.  G.Har- 
ris.    Bibliography  on  rural  roads.     H.  L.  Wheeler. 

Vol.  9,  No.  2,  March,  1917.     46th  Annual  Catalogue,  1916-1917. 

Vol.  !).  Xo.  3.  June,  1917.  What  should  a  present-day  metallurgical 
education  comprise?  Charles  Hermann  Fulton.  (Commencement  ad- 
dress, May  25,  1917.) 

Vol.  9,  Xo.  4,  October,  1917.  Register  of  graduates,  1874-1917. 
M.   S.   M.   men   in   military   service. 

Vol.  10,  Xo.  1,  Xever  published. 

Vol.  10,  Xo.  2,  March,  1918.     47th  Annual  Catalogue,  1917-18. 

Vol.  10,  Xo.  3,  June,  1918.  The  Human  side  of  mining  engineer- 
ing.    James  Furman  Kemp.     (Commencement  address,  May  24,  1918.) 

Technical  Series 

Vol.  1,  Xo.  1,  Xovember,  1911.  Friction  in  air  pipes.  E.  G.  Har- 
ris.    (Continuation  of  General  Series,  Vol.  2,  Xo.  4.) 

Vol.  1,  Xo.  2,  February,  1912.  Metallurgy  and  ore  dressing  lab- 
oratories of  the  Missouri  School  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy.  D.  Cope- 
land,   H.   T.   Mann,  H.   A.   Roesler.      (Out   of  print.) 

Vol.  1,  Xo.  3,  May,  1912.  Some  apparatus  and  methods  for  dem- 
onstrating rock  drilling  and  the  loading  of  drill  holes  in  tunneling. 
L.  E.  Young. 

Vol.  1,  Xo.  4,  August,  1912.  Friction  in  air  pipes.  E.  G.  Harris. 
(Continuation   of  Vol.    1,   Xo.   1,   Xovember,   1911.) 

Vol.  2,  Xo.  1,  August,  1915.  Comparative  tests  of  piston  drill 
bits.     C.  R.  Forbes  and  L.  M.  Cummings. 

Vol.  2,  Xo.  2,  Xovember,  1915.  Orifice  measurements  of  air  in 
large  quantities.     Elmo  G.  Harris. 

Vol.  2,  Xo.  3,  February,  1916.  Cupellation  losses  in  assaying. 
Horace  T.  Mann  and  Charles  Y.  Clayton. 

Vol.  2,  Xo.  4,  May,  1916.  Geologic  criteria  for  determining  the 
structural  position  of  sedimentary  beds.  G.  H.  Cox  and  ^C.  L.  Dake. 
(Out   of  print.) 

Vol.  3,  Xo.  1,  August,  1916.  Experiments  from  the  flotation  lab- 
oratory.    C.  Y.  Clayton.     (Out  of  print.) 

Vol.  3,  Xo.  2,  Xovember,  1916.  Studies  on  the  origin  of  Missouri 
cherts  and  zinc  ores.   G.   H.  Cox,   R.   S.   Dean,   and  V.  H.   Gottschalk. 

Vol.  3,  Xo.  3,  February,  1917.  Preliminary  report  on  blended 
Portland   ?ement.     E.  S.  McCandliss. 

Vol.  3,  Xo.  4,  May,  1917.  Studies  in  the  production  of  oils  and 
tars  from  bituminous  materials.     J.  C.  Ingram. 

Vol.  4,  Xo.  1,  August,  1917.  The  hydrometallurgy  and  electrolytic 
precipitation   of  zinc.     F.   D.   James. 

Vol.  4,  Xo.  2,  Xovember,  1917.  The  effect  of  addition  agents  in 
flotation;    Part   I.     M.   H.  Thornberry  and   H.  T.   Mann. 


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